CloudX3-IoT is a universal framework that connects the physical world with Web3 using an innovative combination of blockchain and IoT. It is built on a blockchain built on Cosmos to manage device ownership and coordinates a decentralized network of CloudX3-IoT nodes to establish two-way communication between IoT devices in the physical world and decentralized applications (Dapps) in Web3. With CloudX3-IoT, device owners can monetize their IoT data by participating in certain Dapps, while Dapp developers are able to manage a group of IoT devices that complete specific tasks.

1. Platform features

1. Device Ownership Management: CloudX3-IoT uses blockchain technology to ensure the transparency and security of device ownership. Blockchain records device ownership changes and transactions, enabling device owners to accurately control and manage their devices and ensuring data security and privacy.
2. IoT Data Monetization: CloudX3-IoT allows device owners to monetize their IoT data by participating in specific Dapps. This provides a new economic model for device owners to earn financial rewards from sharing and selling data, incentivizing them to participate more actively in the IoT ecosystem.
3. Decentralized Network Coordination: CloudX3-IoT builds a decentralized network consisting of multiple nodes, and nodes coordinate and communicate through the blockchain. This decentralized network structure is highly robust and scalable, enabling direct communication between devices and applications, reducing intermediate links and improving efficiency.
4. Task Management and Collaboration: Dapp developers can use CloudX3-IoT to manage a group of IoT devices that complete specific tasks. Through the functionality provided by the framework, Dapp developers can collaborate with device owners, delegate tasks, and track device execution, enabling more complex IoT applications.
5. Extremely fast device access: From construction machinery using private drivers to temperature and humidity meters using standard protocols, CloudX3 IOT provides an ultra-high compatibility framework that allows you to easily deal with various heterogeneous devices.
6. Modular deployment and efficient application development: Devices and applications connected to the CloudX3 IOT framework will be encapsulated into Lego-style modules. You can use these modules to build a development framework that perfectly fits the scenario. After connecting to the device, the IOT framework layer will automatically abstract the device's capabilities into APIs, completely decoupling your application from the hardware device.
7. Decentralized cloud-native ecosystem: The signal layer and control layer of IoT devices are hosted on CloudX3 IOT and will be automatically transformed into a decentralized cloud-native structure, and Service Mesh service stability management and telemetry will be performed. , allowing the web2 layer of IoT devices to achieve ultra-high stability and security.

2. System components

2.1 Machine Identity

In CloudX3-IoT, machine identity and secure communication are achieved through mechanisms for authentication and access control using wallet addresses created on the blockchain. These wallet addresses are used to uniquely identify and authorize machines, ensuring identity trustworthiness and data security during communications.

2.1.1 Decentralized identity (machine wallet mechanism)

1. Decentralization: It does not rely on a centralized identity verification agency, but is based on nodes in the blockchain network for verification. This eliminates the risk of single points of failure and centralized control, providing greater decentralization and system reliability.
2. High security: Use blockchain cryptography mechanisms, including public and private key encryption and digital signatures, to ensure the security of identity and communication. The machine wallet is controlled through private keys, so that only authorized machines can perform authentication and access control, preventing unauthorized access and data tampering.
3. Anonymity and privacy protection: The machine wallet address serves as an identity identifier, providing a certain degree of anonymity and is not directly associated with personal identity information. This effectively protects user privacy and reduces the risk of identity leakage.
4. Autonomous control and credibility: Users have full control of the private key of the machine wallet and have the ability to independently manage and control their identity. This kind of autonomous control not only enhances user trust, but also reduces dependence on third parties and improves the credibility of the system.

2.2 Machine message control

In the Internet of Things (IoT) world, ensuring secure, trusted message communication between devices is critical to enable efficient data exchange and interoperability. In order to meet this demand, CloudX3-IoT introduces machine message control, which provides a secure and decentralized blockchain message communication mechanism for IoT devices based on its blockchain architecture and the provided blockchain API light wallet. For machine message control, all are encapsulated into the CloudX3 IOT framework. Users can deploy SideCar components with the following functions through automated deployment:

• Device Wallet Registration: In CloudX3-IoT, IoT devices can complete the wallet registration process, that is, create a unique wallet address on the blockchain. The registration process ensures the uniqueness of the device and the reliability of the identity.
• Blockchain API SDK: CloudX3-IoT provides a blockchain API light wallet and SDK, providing a convenient blockchain message communication interface and secure data transmission for IoT devices. Devices can use the API to send and receive messages and query data stored on the blockchain.
• Secure Blockchain Message Communication: Machine message control is based on the CloudX3-IoT blockchain architecture, realizing secure blockchain message communication. Combined with Tendermint ABCI, it builds the decentralized data and communication capabilities required by IOT devices. The devices can use functions based on the blockchain SDK.
• Decentralized message communication: CloudX3-IoT's machine message control is based on the decentralized nature of the blockchain, eliminating dependence on centralized third-party organizations. The device communicates messages directly on the blockchain network, which not only improves the efficiency of communication, but also enhances the reliability and censorship resistance of the system. This decentralized communication method provides IoT devices with a more trusted messaging and data exchange environment.

2.3 Decentralized cloud infrastructure

In order to facilitate decentralized access to global IOT devices, CloudX3-IoT provides a decentralized cloud resource market that connects people who need computing resources (clients) with people who have rental computing capabilities (providers) . CloudX3-IoT acts as a super cloud platform, providing a unified layer on top of all providers in the market to provide customers with a single cloud platform, regardless of which specific provider they use.

Tenants use CloudX3-IoT because of its cost advantages and geolocation, availability and flexibility to move between cloud providers, and the performance advantages of global deployments. Providers use CloudX3-IoT because it allows them to earn profits from dedicated or temporarily unused capacity.

Compute units (CPU, memory, disk) are rented as containers on CloudX3-IoT. A container is a standard unit of software that packages code and all of its dependencies so applications can run quickly and reliably from one computing environment to another. A container image is a lightweight, self-contained executable package that contains everything needed to run an application: code, runtime, system tools, system libraries, and settings.

Anyone with a physical machine (i.e. computer, server) can use a process called virtualization to split the machine's resources into containers.

2.4 IoT devices

CloudX3-IoT provides IOT Mesh framework access to IOT devices and protocols in the current web2 environment, which can accommodate a variety of IoT devices with different hardware components and functions, from traditional Web2-based products to community-driven development boards, to emerging Web3-based devices.

2.4.1 Non-invasive modification of equipment

For traditional IoT devices, they are usually smart devices that already exist on the market. Making significant changes to these legacy devices can be difficult due to limitations in manufacturing processes and device firmware. These devices typically serve Web2-based IoT applications and interact with centralized backends. For such massive devices, we use the underlying IOT access layer of CloudX3 to be compatible with MQTT and HTTP protocols to facilitate the docking of IoT devices, and integrate the CloudX3 IOT blockchain SDK through the cloud-native Service Mesh's SideCar technology to help the Internet of Things. Devices are non-invasively upgraded to the Web3 IoT architecture.

2.4.2 Device credibility

The trustworthiness of an IoT device can be proven using on-chain wallet communications published by the device user. It is up to Dapp developers to decide which type of IoT device meets the security and business needs of their corresponding Web3 application.

2.4.3 Data encoding

Considering the resource limitations of many IoT devices in terms of communication bandwidth and power consumption, compared with traditional JSON encoding, a compact data encoding method (such as binary encoding) may be preferable for IoT devices transmitting data packets to CloudX3-IoT Provider. ideal. Therefore, CloudX3-IoT supports the binary message format Protobuf, Google's language-neutral, platform-neutral, extensible mechanism for serializing structured data when communicating with resource-constrained IoT devices.

2.5 Blockchain Node

CloudX3-IoT is a blockchain solution built on Cosmos SDK and Tendermint. CloudX3-IoT provides blockchain cloud nodes, allowing anyone to provide machines to run nodes and participate in various Dapp applications.

1. On-chain RPC service endpoint CloudX3-IoT provides a set of API interfaces that enable developers to interact with the blockchain through these interfaces. These API interfaces include query interfaces, transaction interfaces, identity verification interfaces, etc., providing flexible functions and access methods for applications. Developers can use these API interfaces to query data on the blockchain, perform transaction operations, perform identity verification, etc. API services provide developers with a higher level of abstraction, simplifying the process of interacting with the blockchain, making it easier for developers to build their own applications.

2. On-chain API query service CloudX3-IoT Node provides a set of API interfaces that enable developers to interact with the blockchain through these interfaces. These APIs can include query interfaces, transaction interfaces, authentication interfaces, etc., providing flexible functions and access methods for applications

3. On-chain execution engine CloudX3-IoT nodes use a customized execution engine to implement on-chain logic. The execution engine is the core component of the node and is responsible for receiving and processing transactions, executing the code of smart contracts, and updating the state of the blockchain. Through the execution engine, nodes are able to efficiently process and verify transactions and ensure the consistency and security of the blockchain.

4. Decentralized storage CloudX3-IoT node combines the core decentralized storage technology of Cosmos SDK. This means that the data is not just stored on a single node, but is distributed across multiple nodes in the network. This decentralized storage improves the availability, censorship resistance, and security of IoT device data. At the same time, the integrity and credibility of the data can be ensured through the indexing and verification mechanism of the blockchain. Decentralized storage enables CloudX3-IoT nodes to better respond to node failures, network attacks, etc., and provide more reliable and stable blockchain services.

5. Light Wallet and SDK In order to support a wide range of applications and business needs, CloudX3-IoT provides a light wallet SDK and light client. The light wallet SDK is used to interact with IoT devices, blockchains and verification nodes, providing convenient interfaces and tools to enable developers to easily manage and operate wallets. The light client is a tool used to monitor, read and write the CloudX3-IoT blockchain network. Users can access and operate data on the blockchain through the light client. The provision of light wallet SDK and light client enables users and developers to more conveniently participate in the CloudX3-IoT ecosystem and enjoy the convenience and innovation brought by blockchain technology.

6. Nostr IOT IoT device telemetry By integrating Nostr IOT IoT devices, CloudX3-IoT can realize real-time monitoring and data collection of IoT devices. These telemetry data can include sensor data, device status, environmental parameters, etc.